Lose Your Minnesota Driver's License?

Driving in Minnesota is a privilege. You can lose your driving privileges if you break certain laws or fail to meet certain requirements. The Minnesota Department of Public Safety (or “DPS”) maintains your driving record, which contains information about driving and licensing violations in Minnesota and other states. Serious or recurring violations may result in loss of your driving privilege or restrictions on where, when and what types of vehicle you may drive.  As a Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney I get a lot of questions about this issue --- here is an overview. 

License Withdrawal

Your license may be withdrawn by suspension, revocation or cancellation. If you commit an offense and your license is withdrawn, DPS will send you a notice of withdrawal in the mail (to the address on your license - whether you've moved or not) and a list of requirements for reinstatement. Some of the conditions that could cause you to lose your driving privileges are listed below.

Suspension

Your driver’s license may be suspended if you:

• Repeatedly violate traffic laws
• Are convicted for a violation causing a traffic accident resulting in death, injury or property damage
• Use, or allow someone else to use, your license for an illegal action
• Commit a traffic offense in another state that would be grounds for suspension in Minnesota
• Are judged in court to be legally unfit to drive a motor vehicle
• Fail to report a medical condition that would result in cancellation of driving privileges
• Fail to stop for a school bus with stop arm extended and red lights flashing (second offense in 5 years)
• Are found to possess a fake or altered license
• Make a fraudulent application for a license or ID card
• Take any part of the driver’s license exam for someone else, or allow someone else to take it for you falsely identify yourself to a police officer
• Fail to appear in court or pay a fine on a motor vehicle-related violation when required to do so
• Are convicted of a misdemeanor for a violation of Minnesota traffic law
• Fail to pay court-ordered child support
• Use, or allow someone else to use, a license, permit, or ID card to buy tobacco products for someone who is under 18 years of age, or alcohol for someone who is under 21 years of age
• Are convicted of underage drinking and driving
• Pay a fee to the state or driver’s license agent with a dishonored check
• Are convicted for theft of gasoline

After the period of suspension has ended, your driving privilege may be reinstated if all requirements are met. One requirement is payment of the reinstatement fee. If your license expired during the suspension period, or your name or address changed, you must apply for a new license and pay the appropriate fee.

Revocation

Your driver’s license may be revoked if you:

• Refuse to take a breath test to measure intoxication
• Fail a breath test that measures intoxication
• Are convicted of manslaughter or any criminal actions while driving a motor vehicle
• Are convicted of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or drugs
• Are convicted of a felony in which you used a motor vehicle
• Are convicted of driving in excess of 100 mph
• Are convicted of fleeing a police officer
• Are convicted of failing to stop, identify yourself or render aid when involved in an accident
• Are convicted of lying under oath to DPS or its agents
• Are convicted of signing any legal documents containing false information about legal vehicle ownership
• Are convicted of making a false statement to DPS
• Plead guilty or forfeit bail for three violations in a single year of any Minnesota traffic law requiring jail
• Are convicted of an offense in another state that would be grounds for revoking your license in Minnesota
• Are convicted of a misdemeanor for driving a motor vehicle with prior knowledge that the owner of the vehicle did not have no-fault vehicle insurance
• Own a vehicle without no-fault insurance and are found to have driven it or allowed others to drive it, with full knowledge that the vehicle was not insured
• Are convicted of a gross misdemeanor for failing to stop for a school bus with its stop arm extended and its red lights flashing
• Are convicted of selling or possessing a controlled substance while operating a motor vehicle

After the period of revocation has ended, your driving privileges may be reinstated if all requirements for reinstatement are met. Requirements include: payment of the reinstatement fee and passing the appropriate exams. You must show proper identification when you take the knowledge test or road test. You must apply for a new license after all your testing requirements are met.

Cancellation

Your license may be cancelled if you do not have a legal right to a driver’s license that was issued to you. Your license may be cancelled if you:

• Acquire a mental or physical disability that makes you incapable of driving a motor vehicle safely
• Do not pass a test that is legally requested by DPS to determine your ability to drive safely
• Give false or misleading information on your license application (your license will be cancelled for 60 days or until the correct information is provided – whichever is longer)
• Commit a crime for which cancellation of your license is a legal punishment
• Do not qualify for a driver’s license under Minnesota law

Need to Know More?

If you wish to learn more about the loss of your license (or how you can get a limited license,) review the Minnesota Driver’s Manual online. If you have a legal issue surrounding your driver’s license, contact us the Rolloff Law Office at (612) 234-1165 for a free and confidential case evaluation.

Minnesota Legal Questions (Answered)

As an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney you know I get a lot of questions.  Here are some FREE ANSWERS to some of the most common ones.

What is the cost of criminal defense for my criminal charges?

The Rolloff Law Office's fees are very competitive and we work with you to protect your rights and defend you. This includes investigating the facts, police, and witnesses to determine evidence that will prove your innocence. We charge a flat rate for criminal defense based on the complexity of your case. Our legal fees for criminal defense will cover your attorney's fees all the way throughout discovery, probable cause hearings, pre-trial motions and trial.   

What is the difference between a misdemeanor, petty misdemeanor, gross misdemeanor, and a felony?

Petty Misdemeanors are punishable by up to $300 fine. You cannot be sent to jail for a petty misdemeanor. Although not criminal offenses, some petty misdemeanors may still look bad on your record.

Misdemeanors are a crime and are punishable by up to 90 days in jail and a $1,000 fine.

Gross Misdemeanors are punishable by up to one year in jail and a $3,000 fine. These are serious crimes.

Felonies are the most serious offenses. They are punishable by a year to life in jail and heavy fines, depending on the crime.

The 'victim' wants the charges dropped. Will the case be dismissed?

No. Once police are involved they are gathering evidence and when a criminal case is in the county attorney or the prosecutor's hands they charge the crime acting for the state and the alleged "victim" is only witness testimony for the state as additional evidence. 

The victim cannot decide to drop the charges on their own. The state will continue to prosecute using the statements the victim already made to the police and may even impeach the victim if they were to testify differently on the stand. This type of issue is common in domestic assault situations when the police are called and the alleged victim does not want to pursue charges.

What are the possible outcomes of my case?

Each case depends on the facts and the law. When evaluating your case, we always look first for reasons the case might be dismissed. The witnesses or victim may be lying and evidence often can be suppressed. There may be contradicting evidence to show the state's evidence is unreliable. The case can be dismissed if a defendant qualifies for a diversion program and will remain law abiding in a plea agreement. Other times, the court might give a sentence but will not impose it. Sometimes you must go to a jury trial to prove your innocence. Whether these options will be available in your case depends on a number of factors. Call the Rolloff Law Office to get a better idea of possible outcomes you can expect in your case.

Should I talk to the police?

Always call an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney before you speak to the police. The police are trying to find any evidence that may convict you and anything you say can and WILL be used against you. An attorney can protect your rights before you confess to something, or say something that you didn't mean to say.

Call The Rolloff Law Office

Start your search for real help by getting a FREE CONSULTATION today.  You can reach a helpful and experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney today at (612) 234-1165.

The Difference Between a Misdemeanor & Felony (Explained)

As an affordable Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney I get lots of questions --- here is one of the most common: 

What is the Difference Between a Misdemeanor and a Felony?

In the State of Minnesota you can be charged with a petty misdemeanor, misdemeanor, gross misdemeanor, or felony. With the exception of felony charges, the other criminal charge classifications dictate the maximum punishment a Minnesota court is allowed to impose upon a conviction. 

By contrast, felony charges, the most serious of criminal charges in Minnesota, are characterized as having a risk of imprisonment of at least one year and one day. Petty misdemeanors are the least serious of offenses charged in Minnesota, with no risk of jail.

Petty Misdemeanors are not a crime as the maximum punishment allowable by law is a $300 fine. Regardless of the nature of the petty misdemeanor, by definition, there is never any risk you will be subject to any jail sentence stemming from a conviction. Unlike more serious charges, there is no right to have a public defender appointed to represent you. Additionally, because a jail sentence is not allowable under the law, the verdict at a petty misdemeanor trial is decided by a judge, not a jury. Although petty misdemeanors are the least serious offense in Minnesota, a conviction is of public record, and accessible by employers, landlords, etc.

A Misdemeanor conviction in Minnesota carries a maximum punishment of 90 days of jail, or $1,000 fine, or both. Because there exists a risk of jail if convicted, you have a right to an attorney and to have your case decided by a jury of six of your peers if you are charged with a misdemeanor. Like all other convictions, you may be subject to collateral consequences above and beyond jail and/or fines as the conviction record is public.

Gross Misdemeanor convictions carry a maximum punishment of one year in jail, or a fine $3,000, or both

A Felony conviction carries at least one year and one day in prison, plus any associated fines. In addition to the prison sentence and fines resulting from a felony conviction, you will likely be subject to numerous other collateral consequences. For example, you may lose many important constitutional rights such as your 2nd Amendment firearms rights or your right to vote. Other consequences of a felony conviction include difficulty securing employment and housing. Although felonies are characterized by a sentence to prison of at least a year and a day, depending on your criminal history, the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines oftentimes dictate that a prison sentence be stayed, conditioned on a successful probationary period and local confinement in a county jail or workhouse.

Bear in mind that, with exception of felonies, the punishments outlined above provide the maximum allowable jail and fines. However, even if you are convicted of a misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor, having an experienced criminal defense lawyer like J. Rolloff to advocate on for you typically results in a sentence substantially less than the maximum allowable sentences or no jail at all. Contact the Rolloff Law Office ---  24 hours a day, 7 days a week. For flexible and affordable payment options, confidential and personal service, aggressive representation and a free initial consultation, Call today: (612) 234-1165.

Affordable Attorneys (Explained)

Finding an affordable Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney can seem an impossible task, especially during tough economic times.  Unfortunately, this results in many "not-rich: individuals being unable to secure private counsel, which has a number of downsides.  Not the least of which is that the "free" lawyers --- the Public Defenders find themselves overworked, and those accused of crimes find themselves losing faith in the justice system.

Thankfully, there are lawyers, like the Rolloff Law Office, who employ technology (among other cost cutting means) to keep costs down, which should translate to lower overall rates.

First, I maintain an electronic filing system.  Cloud computing has helped lower the risk of data loss, and if files are maintained electronically the attorney can save money on paper, ink and storage.  Electronic files are also easier to search, access, and share.

Second, I use the new e-filing system currently being implemented in many Minnesota courts.  The courts are notoriously slow, and the costs of running government centers and courthouses is enormous.  As a way to save costs, many counties have begun an electronic filing initiative called “e-file.”  Filing court documents electronically will save paper and ink, and help with office management.

Finally, but certainly not least, is the effect of modernity (meaning, my office isn't  a palace --- or a shrine to my ego) Trust me, fancy art on the wall might make you think the lawyer has his sh*t together ... but how does that accomplish your goals.  Seriously, I get just as much done - without having to feed my ego.  Shoot, with a phone, computer, printer and fax machine, a lawyer can accomplish everything they need.

Not all firms are up to date.  Buyer beware: a higher price doesn't mean a better result.  Higher fees might simply be the cost of antiquated methods rather than quality representation.

What Should You Do?

Get the most for your money.  Call today: Rolloff Law (612) 234-1165.  Free consultations... and agressive affordable legal representation.

Hire an Affordable Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney

As an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney, I get a lot of questions about what individuals should consider when looking to hire a criminal attorney.

Among the many things you must consider, such as: do you feel comfortable with the attorney when you meet them face-to-face; is he going to spend the time necessary to understand the particulars of your case; and can he explain to you what to expect in terms of potential outcomes, and the risks involved --- you also need to look at these things.

1. EXPERIENCE, EXPERIENCE, EXPERIENCE 

There simply is no substitute for hands-on experience in a criminal courtroom. It is by far the most important consideration in choosing a criminal lawyer. Every case is different, as are the personalities of each, judge, prosecutor and law enforcement officer. Attorneys that have been around the local legal landscape for a long time tend to be more expensive, but it is often money well spent. Former prosecutors are often good bets, as assistant county attorneys have often had extensive trial and plea bargaining experience that someone who starts out on the defense side might not have.

BUT, keep this in mind: If you have a unique case, or an especially complex case, younger lawyers with moderate experience tend to be hungry. They are eager to establish their own reputations. They will have more time to research caselaw and do background investigation. They will pour blood, sweat and tears into your defense. They might be willing to try a novel legal argument much quicker than a more established attorney. A less-established attorney will also have more time to spend with you one-on-one. They will have fewer cases, and will probably be paid less for each of those cases, so each case to the less-established attorney is important.

2. AVOID ATTORNEYS WHO PROMISE OUTCOMES

Criminal attorneys are seldom assured of any particular outcome in a case. We operate in a field that is filled with uncertainty. We can, however, offer you a forecast of what to expect when your case goes to court.

3. STREET SMARTS

Common sense and how the real world works is important. We are a people-based practice area, and have to understand practical realities. A grasp of legal statutes is critical, but criminal lawyers spend far more time with real people than holed up in law libraries.

4. COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND LISTENING

Look for an attorney that can explain the law to you in easy to understand terms. Does the attorney listen to your story without interruptions? Does he or she explain to you possible defenses you may have to a particular charge? If you come away from an initial consultation feeling befuddled or misunderstood, look for another lawyer.

5. SOMEONE WHO IS NOT AFRAID TO GO TO TRIAL

The client always controls the decision of whether to accept a plea offer or go to trial. Plea bargaining often results in the best possible outcome for a client. Good things, however, can also come from forcing the State to prove its case. Let your intuition tell you whether this is an attorney you can go into battle with.

As a Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney, I pride myself on providing the best representation possible. I'm a former prosecutor (and before that I clerked for a judge) --- if it has happened in the courtroom I've seen and done it.  For more information or to schedule a free consultation, call the Rolloff Law Office today: (612) 234-1165.  Or, for more information, visit my website: rollofflaw.com.

Minnesota Drug Possession Charges (Explained)

Possession of drugs in the State of Minnesota is a serious crime, regardless of how much or how little you are caught with. However, there are ways to beat these charges.

Possession of Drug Crimes


If you are charged with possession of drugs - you can either be facing a felony or a gross misdemeanor complaint depending on the amount in your possession and the circumstances surrounding the arrest. 


All drug crimes are tried in a separate Minnesota court and follow a different set of rules. It is important that you seek legal advice from an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney as soon as you are arrested or accused of any drug possession crime.


Examples of charges:

• Possession of narcotics with the intent to sell
• Possession of marijuana
• Possession of narcotics
• Possession of marijuana with the intent to sell
• Possession of certain chemicals with the intent to manufacturer
• Possession of drug paraphernalia

What Are the Consequences?

Your penalty will depend of a number of factors including how much drugs you had in your possession, what was the intent of having this drug and what drugs were you caught with. Your criminal record may also play a role in your punishment. If you have been convicted of any drug crime in the past, then you could be looking at more severe penalties this time around.  Penalties for drug crimes include fines and fees, community service, drug rehabilitation in some instances and jail time.

Defenses


Even the tiniest joint or minute traces of cocaine or methamphetamine can end up on your permanent record. Furthermore, if you are found in possession of scales, a pipe or plastic baggies, you could also be arrested for possession of drug paraphernalia. The more drugs found in your possession, the worse your punishment will be, especially if there are suspicions that you were planning on selling the drugs. Possession of drugs for personal use is considered a lot less severe than possession of drugs with the intent to distribute. However, a crime is still a crime and will end up on your permanent record if convicted.

It is important to understand that just because you have been arrested for drug possession does not automatically make you a convicted criminal, or a bad person. There are a number of defense strategies to take when faced with a possession drug crime. If the drugs are not clearly in your possession (in your pocket), then there may be a case for mistaken identity. You could plead that the drugs found in your car or house were not yours. If the drugs were discovered during an illegal search and seizure that violated your right to privacy, then the evidence collected cannot be used against you.  The Rolloff Law Office will assess your case, gather evidence, consult with experts and determine the best defense tactics to take for your situation.

What You Should Do Next

Don’t let one mistake ruin the rest of your life. The Rolloff Law Office is there when you need us most. It is important to act fast when facing an arrest and criminal conviction. Let me put my experience as a former prosecutor to work for you to provide an aggressive representation and the legal assistance you need to ensure the best outcome possible for your case. Call today to set up a FREE consultation: (612) 234-1165.

Minnesota Assault (Explained)

If you have been charged with an Assault crime in Minnesota you may be concerned that you could be facing serious consequences - like jail and a large fine.  Understanding that, as an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney, I know the kind of stress this can cause and I will fight for you as you face the prosecutor, the judge --- and the jury.

Felony Assault charges can result in very severe penalties and jail time. Shoot, even the least serious Assault charge -  5th degree misdemeanor Assault - can result in real fines, possible jail time, and a permanent criminal record that will follow you for the rest of your life.

There may be a perfectly logical explanation to your behavior the night of the incident. You were acting in self defense, or it was a mutual disagreement that escalated. These kinds of sloppy arrests happen all the time, unfortunately. But now you have a complicated criminal legal problem you need to sort out.

Or maybe you made a made a mistake you now regret. We are interested in learning what exactly led up to your charge.

Having successfully defended many assault cases like yours in Minnesota, I know what you are up against. I know the Minnesota criminal courts - from the prosecution side and the defense side -  and I can put that knowledge to work for you.

Minnesota Assault Laws & Penalties


First Degree Assault

If you commit Assault that causes great bodily harm to someone you may be charged with this serious felony.  “Great bodily harm” is defined as injury which causes substantial risk of death or causes disfigurement or loss or loss of use of any organ or bodily member.

Second Degree Assault

You may be charged with 2nd degree Assault if you assault someone with a dangerous weapon. If the alleged victim suffers “substantial bodily harm” you will face a potential sentence of up to 10 years and fines of $20,000. However, if there is not “substantial bodily harm”, the potential sentence is dropped to up to 7 years in prison and $14,000 in fines.

Third Degree Assault

There are three ways in which 3rd degree Assault can be committed. If you do any of the following you could face this serious felony charges:

• Assault resulting in substantial bodily harm 
• Assault on a minor where there is a history of abusive behavior 
• Assault on a victim under 4 years of age 

Fourth Degree Assault

You may face 4th degree Assault charges if you assault certain people. For instance, Assault on a police officer in the line of duty,  school officials, corrections officers, firefighters, or an EMT can also land you with a 4th degree assault charge.

Also, if you assault someone because of bias in regards to their religion, race, sexual preference, or disability you could also face gross misdemeanor charges.

Fifth Degree Assault

You may be charged with misdemeanor 5th degree Assault (and face up to 90 days in jail and a $1,000 fine or both) if you  commit an act with intent to cause fear of bodily harm or death or if you intentionally inflict or attempt to inflict bodily harm on another.

Get Your Free Consultation 

Facing prison terms and hefty fines can leave you with a lot on your mind. The only way to know for certain what you are facing is to consult with an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney. Call the Rolloff Law Office at (612) 234-1165 to set up a FREE consultation on your Assault case today.

Minnesota Domestic Assault Attorney

Troubled relationships can be some of the most complex and difficult situations people face on a daily basis. Unfortunately, a notable number of individuals end up facing Minnesota Domestic Assault charges every year. If you have found yourself in the unfortunate position of having been charged with Domestic Assault or you must make certain that you waste no time in obtaining appropriate representation from an experienced, Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney who is knowledgeable and compassionate. 

Why Is This Important?

Domestic violence cases represent one of the most challenging areas of the law. Not only are these cases complex from a legal standpoint, the level of emotions associated with these by definition are highly charged. Therefore, it is crucial that if you have found yourself facing a domestic abuse, assault or violence case that you promptly obtain skilled representation from an experienced Minneapolis domestic assault attorney.

J. Rolloff has devoted a considerable portion of his professional career to assisting people in resolving domestic violence cases. Not only does he fully understand the "ins" and "outs" of the law, not only does he understand how to present a strong defense in court, he thoroughly appreciates the painful emotions that you are experiencing and that are at the heart of a domestic assault case.

What Now?

The Rolloff Law Office has represented men and women from all walks of life who have faced charges of Domestic Assault. As a consequence, he understands what must be done in order to protect your rights and interests in light of these types of charges. Additionally, he realizes what steps need to be taken to ensure that you are able to have reasonable access to your children should a No Contact or Restraining Order have been entered by the court in light of your spouse or significant other filing a complaint against you.  if you need help - call now: (612) 619-0262.

Minnesota Driving While Texting (Explained)

One of the most disturbing things about being a Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney is seeing people charged with crimes when all they've really done is fail to use a turn signal, or speed - when there are other idiots out there driving like maniacs, distracted by other things that are equally or even more dangerous than Drunk Driving.

After Sunday's expose in the StarTribune (link to article) about the perils of driving while Texting, I got to thinking about what other "distracted driving" issue were out there.

What is Distracted Driving?

Would you believe that eating food while at the wheel of a vehicle could be more dangerous than drinking or texting while driving? According to a study by the University of Leeds called “Two Hands Better than One,” this is exactly what researchers found based on observation of test subjects operating driving simulators.

The UK researchers measured reaction time while drivers negotiated virtual vehicles, and as it turns out, eating increased response times by 44 percent. In contrast, texting increased reaction time by 37 percent, and drinking a non-alcoholic beverage from a can or bottle increased reaction time by 22 percent.

And what about the one driving no-no that that nearly everyone agrees is undesirable – drinking alcohol and operating a vehicle? Drivers asked to operate the simulator who were at the U.S. “legal limit” of .08 percent blood alcohol content increased reaction time by 12.5 percent…

Common sense dictates that drivers can compound their chances for an accident if they do not self-govern and recognize their limits. And as the study indicates, a distraction can come in several forms – even ones that have been considered benign…

Much more could be said about this subject which the U.S. Department of Transportation has been up in arms about in recent years, labeling distracted driving an “epidemic.”

Now, I get it that Drunk Driving is dangerous. I'm not advocating that people do that. But what are our options when it comes to these other areas of distracted driving?

At the end of the day, nothing will come of it. The reason? There are no special interest groups formed by empathetic groups to lobby Congress to change all the rules. Not until someone is killed by someone texting or someone eating will someone stand up for harsher penalties - and even that won't change things (that's my guess - too many "upstanding" people would become criminals, much like the criminalization of Drunk Driving has done).

In the State of Washington texting while driving is a $124 ticket, and it doesn't even count as a moving violation. Talking on a cell phone is the same way. Eating while driving isn't illegal at all. Yet all of these activities are more dangerous than driving with a blood alcohol level above .08.

If you have questions about ANY legal dilemma - call the Rolloff Law Office today at (612) 234-1165.

Minnesota Criminal Defense (is the Best Offense)

In basketball, there are offensive plays and defensive plays, and a good team understands that it’s succeeding in a combination of these two types of plays that helps them win the game.

In a criminal case, the State is usually on the offense: they bring the complaint, and carrying the burden of proof throughout the case.  And the defendant is usually on the defense: Defending his constitutional and procedural rights, ensuring that the police didn’t overstep the rules and that there is sufficient evidence being presented by the State for it to meet its hefty burden.

However, there are times the defendant also gets to play offense. This happens when their experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney utilizes an Affirmative Defenses. Bringing an affirmative defense has the same effect as when the home team manages to get the ball just about all the way to the visitor’s goal line before they let the visiting team get the ball back, so the visitors have to go the whole length of the field all over again to try to score.

The best Affirmative Defenses can set the State back substantially and sometimes, they can also act as a complete bar to an element of the State’s case, effectively stopping the State from proceeding.

Common Affirmative Defenses

1. Self-defense, and Defense of Others.   True self defense or defense of another requires that an individual acted out of fear for his/her safety or the safety of another against the imminent use of unlawful force against him/herself or another. Factors that affect a claim of self defense are things such as the extent of the right to self defense in the situation, the force used, against whom it was used, and for what reason.

2. Entrapment. When someone is induced or persuaded by law enforcement officials to commit a crime that the person had no previous intent to commit, he or she has been entrapped.

3. Mental illness or Deficiency. This defense asserts that at the time the acts constituting the offense were committed, the defendant was not capable of comprehending that what he or she was doing was a crime due to mental illness or deficiency.

4. Duress. If a defendant participated in a crime only because he or she believed or had reason to believe that he or she would be seriously harmed if he of she did not participate, the defendant may be able to use the defense of duress.

5. Intoxication. Involuntary intoxication, or involuntarily being under the influence of a drug or substance – can be an affirmative defense. Voluntary intoxication is only potentially a defense against the intent element of a crime; it can be used to prove an act was committed recklessly instead of with intent to cause serious harm.

Whether an Affirmative Defense applies in your case or not is a decision that you and your attorney need to make together.  The next right step, contact The Rolloff Law Office at (612) 234-1165 and find out if there's a good defense to defend you offense. 

Minnesota DWI - Physical Control (Explained)

Being a Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney for as long as I have, one of the most difficult concepts I've had to relate to far too many clients the notion of “physical control” as it relates to Drunk Driving cases.  In other words, the idea that someone could be charged or convicted of a Minnesota DWI for just sitting or lying in a motor vehicle.

Granted, this one can be a real head-scratcher --- you can get a DWI for not driving and/or "sleeping one off"?  Sadly, the answer is big fat YES!

What's Up With That?

Over the last several years, Minnesota Courts have given a very broad definition of “physical control” when it comes to DWI charging. As an example, in a January of  2010, the Minnesota Supreme Court ruled, in the case of the State of Minnesota vs. Fleck, that it was proper for a jury to find Mr. Fleck guilty when  he was found asleep in his motor vehicle in the parking lot of his apartment complex.

In this case, when the cops got on the scene,  they found Mr. Fleck asleep behind the wheel of his vehicle with the driver’s side door open and the ignition keys in the center console of the vehicle between the driver and passenger seats.  As is often the case, with these sorts of matters, there is an assumption that, although law enforcement did not see the actual driving conduct, it’s clear that the individual actually drove to the location based on other circumstantial evidence. However, in Fleck, the officer’s had determined that Mr. Fleck had not recently driven his motor vehicle because the car was “cold to the touch”, the lights were not on, and it did not look as though the vehicle had been running. However, the Minnesota Supreme Court found that Mr. Fleck was in a position to exercise domain over his vehicle. In other words, without too much difficulty, the Court believed he  could have made his motor vehicle a source of danger on the roadways by awakening, in an intoxicated state, and then subsequently taking the keys from the console and starting the vehicle and driving off.

Isn't that ice to know --- that law enforcement can just "know" (ala the Tom Cruise movie “Minority Report”) not just what you've done but also what you're going to do --- even before you do it?

Again, as an experienced Minnesota DWI Defense Lawyer, who has had to argue the concept of “physical control” many times throughout my career, this decision comes as little surprise. Nevertheless, this case is remarkable in the sense that there was actual evidence that the driver did NOT drive the motor vehicle to the location, but the Court still found “physical control”.

Now, does this mean that this result will always repeat itself --- that there is no hope?  Not necessarily.  As a matter of fact, often cases such as these can be negotiated (often at something less than a DWI) if you engage the services of a someone who knows what he's doing when it comes to criminal defense.  If you want answers for your legal dilemma - call The Rolloff Law Office today @ (612) 619-0262.  Just because you've been charged does not mean you'll be found guilty.  Believe it.

Minnesota Assault Charges (Explained)

What is considered an assault crime? Under the laws of the State of Minnesota, an assault is an act done with intent to cause another injury or imminent fear of injury in another individual.  This offense is generally broken down into a number of categories, or degrees.

If you are accused of an assault crime, then you could be looking at more than just a slap on the wrist. Most assault crimes are considered felony offences and come with a long term prison sentence, hefty fines and restitution to the victim if convicted.

Some of the various assault crimea that  Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney J. Rolloff defends includes:

 First degree assault
 Second degree assault
 Third degree assault
 Forth degree assault
 Fifth degree assault
 Domestic assault
 Sexual assault cases

Living with an assault conviction can be extremely difficult. However, an assault accusation is not an automatic guilty sentence!

Do not accept defeat! If you have been arrested or accused of assault, then an experienced Minnesota Assault Lawyer will be able to assess your situation, determine your options for defense and ensure that your legal rights are protected before, during and after the court process.

An allegation, accusation or arrest does not mean you will be automatically found guilty – an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney can help clear your name so you can move on with your life.

If you have been arrested for an assault crime, it is important to remain as calm as possible. Stay out of the limelight and avoid triggers that could make the situation worse. They may include drugs, alcohol and certain people. You want to avoid an assault conviction at all costs. Even after you have served your time, an assault conviction will remain on your permanent criminal record which can be accessed by potential landlords, employers, schools and financial institutes. They may be hesitant to work with you if you have this serious felony offense on your record.

What is at Stake?

If you are charged with assault, you are looking at anywhere from 90 days in jail to 20 years in prison, depending on the severity of the crime and the circumstances surrounding the events. You could also be looking at a fine of anywhere from $1,000 to $40,000.

While first, second and third degree assault crimes are considered felony offenses, fourth and fifth degree crimes are considered gross misdemeanor and misdemeanor offenses. If this is not your first offense, you could be looking at an even longer jail term. In some instances, an assault accusation may be linked to another crime, such as a robbery or a sex crime. You could also be looking at even more severe punishments if you are facing more than one degree of assault or if you have a past criminal record or history of assault.

What Should You Do?

Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney, J. Rolloff has years of experience - from both sides of the aisle - in all manner of assault case and can provide you with the legal services you need during this difficult time. For affordable payment options, aggressive representation and confidential legal advice when you need it most, contact The Rolloff Law Office today at (612) 234-1165.

Avoid a Minnesota DWI (After You've Been Pulled Over)

I don't think that anyone ever plans one being pulled over by the police for a DWI but if you are one of those types who likes to be prepare for every eventuallity, then here are some helpful tips.

Propbably more than any other criminal offense, law enforcement is often hard at work arresting people for Drunk Driving.  Believe you me, the cops are looking to make arrests and in the process often arrest perfectly innocent people or shortcuting  investigation to make their stats.

So what should you do to make sure you are not falsely convicted of a Minnesota DWI? 
Here are five practical tips you can follow to protect yourself and your rights:

1. Shut up!

The consitution affords you the right to remain silent; so use it.  It’s amazing how many people try to reason with the officer and end up talking their way into trouble instead of out of it.  Don’t tell them where you are coming from; don’t tell them where you are going.  Just give them the requested documents and identification information and stay quiet.

Sure, the police will try to pressure you to talk.  They may lie and say things like “Looks like you’ve got something to hide” or “By not cooperating you’re only making things worse for yourself.” Don’t fall for these lies and pressure tactics.  Politely answer: “Officer, I choose to use my right to remain silent”.
Remember, “ANYTHING you say, can and will be used against you in a court of law.” But, your silence can never be used in that manner.

2. Don’t Blow

The portable breath testing (PBT) machines that the police use in the field are very inaccurate. Even if you have had nothing to drink, the faulty technology in these machine can still produce an erroneous result.  The good news is blowing into them is 100% optional. So, refuse it.

Your refusal to blow into these devices cannot be used against you in the State of Minnesota  Granted, failure to do as much might lead to your arrest - but if the officer intended on arresting you --- then this test was going to be your saving grace anyway.  (Note: You you do have to submit to the request for a blood, breath or urine sample asked of you back at the cop shop.  If you do not, you maybe charged with a DWI Refusal.

3. Don’t Do the Field Sobriety Tests

Sometimes police officers will ask you to step out of the vehicle to perform some physical tests like the Walk and Turn, a one-leg stand and/or follow-my-finger-with-your-eyes test.  Like the PBT, these are also completely voluntary and can only cause you trouble.  Many sober people have physical conditions that may cause them to fail or they might be clumsy or nervous.   This is why you are better off staying put and refusing.

4. As Soon as Possible: Write Things Down

Make sure to take notes so you don’t lose track of important facts. Don’t give it to anyone.  Make sure to note the time of stop, where it was made, weather conditions, the name of the officer, names of witnesses and any other possible details.  Details win cases and the more you have the stronger your case can be.  (Believe it or not - law enforcement can be sloppy.  If they fail to dot their I's or cross their T's --- that could be your saving grace.)

5. Get a Lawyer. Fast.At the first opportunity possible call an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney and get some answers.  Many matters in a DWI case are time sensitive and contacting a lawyer early on can greatly increase your chances of a successful defense.

DWI defense is one of the cornerstones of my practice. Please do not confused what I have offered here as a "get out of jail free" card.  Rather, I'm relating to you some of my knowledge from having had not only defended many DWI cases - but also the hundreds that I prosecuted.  I take Drunk Driving very seriously and encourage everyone to make responsible decisions.  I'm not encouraging people to drive while intoxicated. In fact, what I'm trying to do here is encourage innocent people to be aware of their rights and use them to protect themselves against false conviction.

If You need help call the Rolloff Law Office today - (612) 234-1165.  Take the next right step.

Minnesota 2nd Degree DWI (Explained)

A 2nd degree DWI is the second-most severe DWI in Minnesota. This offense is labeled a gross misdemeanor, which means it is punishable by up to 1 year in jail and/or a $3,000. In addition, a 2nd degree DWI carries a number of collateral consequences, including loss of driver’s license, impoundment of license plates (“whiskey plates”), and forfeiture of the vehicle used in the incident.  As such, more likely than not you're going to need some assistance.  My suggestion - contact a Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney - ASAP.

Why Were You Charged With a 2nd Degree DWI?

A 2nd degree DWI occurs when someone drives, operates and/or is in control of a motor vehicle at a time that he is intoxicated (usually with BAC over 0.08) and there are "other" aggravating factors. These may include: prior DWI convictions, driver's license revocations premised on alcol-related arrest, having a child in the vehicle at the time of the arrest and/or having a BAC above 0.20. If two of these factors are present, then you will be charged with second degree DUI.  Additionally, a DWI test refusal with one aggravating factor will also result in a second degree DWI.

What are your options?

A second degree DWI is a very serious charge.  Not only can it result in jail time, the loss of your driver's license and the forfieture of your vehicle - you may also be required to pay numerous reinstatement fees and higher insurance rates to become a valid driver again.

What Should You Do?

Retaining a good Minnesota DWI lawyer is usually your best option when facing a charge of this nature. The Rolloff Law Office has represented many individuals facing charges of this nature - and worse.  If you or someone you love needs help, call today: (612) 234-1165 or email me jay@rollofflawoffice  to set up a free consultation and learn all about your defenses.

Your MN DWI Arrest - What You Need to Know

When you are pulled over and arrested for a Drunkn Driving, a lot of things are racing through your mind: How did this happen? What should I do? Who should I talk to? However, while it is understandable that you may be overwhelmed and anxious, it is important to follow certain practices and make note of the events that surround your arrest.

Important Things That You Should Understand About a DWI Arrest


1. Your Minnesota DWI Attorney should obtain all reports and information surrounding your arrest.


While the details of your arrest may be blurry and confusing due to alcohol or the stress surrounding the event, it is important to make note of several things for your lawyer:

• What you were doing prior to your contact with law enforcement?  Be sure to tell your lawyer about anything earlier in the day that may have influenced your condition - sleep deprivation, illness, etc.
• Record what you had to drink - and how much. Be sure to take special note of the time that you drank each beverage because timing can sometimes be more important than quantity.
• Find out the reason stated for stopping you. Did you violate a traffic law; were you swerving or driving erratically?
• Record the statements that you made to the officer. Be sure to tell your lawyer whether or not you admitted to drinking and driving. Also, it’s important to note if you asked to speak to a lawyer at some point during your arrest.
• Recall whether the officer asked or ordered you to take a roadside test. Field sobriety tests are not mandatory in the State of Minnesota, however many officers will not volunteer this information to you.
• Did you take a blood, breath or urine test? If so, what were the results? 
• Were there any witnesses present for your arrest?

2. You must act immediately to protect your right to drive


As soon as you were arrested, the officer should have given you a notice (ie. paperwork) about the forthcoming revocation of your driver's license.  Read this carefully because it is important to understand that from the date the notice was served, you have a limited number of days to request a hearing to fight the revocation of your license. If you do not request a hearing within that time frame your license will be lost - and you'll have no way to fight that aspect of your case.

3. There are many ways your arresting officer’s testimony could be discredited

• Inconsistent statements: If the officer changes his story about the circumstances surrounding the arrest. This could also occur if his accounts of the field sobriety test do not line up with video footage.
• Inability to conduct the field sobriety test in the proper manner: Field sobriety tests have to be performed per the prescribed standardized manner by a skilled officer who is in a controlled environment. Even then, field sobriety tests can be an inaccurate indicator of intoxication levels.
• Failure to recollect: If your arresting officer cannot recall activities surrounding your arrest such as why he pulled you over or how you performed on your tests.

What Should You Do?

It is important to understand your rights when you have been arrested on Drunk Driving charges. Be sure to consult an experienced Minnesota DWI Lawyer if you have any further questions about Minnesota laws or DWI cases. Call the Rolloff Law Office today (612) 234-1165,

Minnesota Public Defenders (Explained)

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Here's a question I wrestle with all too often: Is a Public Defenders the right lawyers for your criminal case? Well, after nearly a decade of working with them, I am convinced they are good lawyers for their "guilty" clients - most of the time.  But, you have to understand, they do not have the time or resources avaliable to them to give you the sort of representation you might expecte when your future is on the line. 

What Does a Public Defender Do?

A typical Public Defender Lawyer in Minnesota handling serious felony cases like Sexual Assault on a Child, Narcotics cases or Robbery and Assault matters will usually handle close to eighty cases at a time. A misdemeanor Minnesota Public Defender lawyer can carry a caseload of over a hundred at a time. With this heavy caseload, no lawyer can do their best work for you. They are forced to choose which cases to pour themselves into.  Essentially, their like the doctors on MASH (albeit not as funny) - performing triage. This means they work hard to plea bargain as many as possible, so they have time to invest in cases where mandatory prison or heavy jail sentences are the norm. Triage of cases does not mean the Public Defender does not care about you. They propbably care a lot; howevcer, they simply cannot devote the time to your case that an experience Minnesota Crimnal Defense Attorney like I can.

What Can You Do?

Your experienced Minnesoat Criminal Defense Attorney should invest themselves in your case. Like myself, they should worry about the next step in your case, be concerned about contacting witnesses, and treat you like family. You lawyer should get angry with the abuses of police and the refusal of courts to care whether you keep your job or maintain contact with your children.

I have experience informing and persuading the court, DAs and probation officers, of unintended consequences of a crimnal charge/sentence. Trust me - you need an advocate to save what is important to you, and a Public Defender simply does not have the time to invest in all these matters.

I meet with witnesses or investigators to go meet witnesses. I travel to the scene of a crime and get the feel of what happened. I spend time working with you, reviewing the evidence against you --- preparing you for court.  As your lawyer, I care about what happens to you and I invest the time to prove it. When the police contact you, make an immediate decision to exercise your Fifth Amendment Right to silence, and call the Rolloff Law Office at (612) 234-1165. Together, we can protect your rights and your future.

Minnesota Criminal Sentences (Explained)

Just as many of us know - there's more than one way to skin a cat - there are also many ways a Minnesota criminal case can be resolved.  As an experienced Minnesota Criminal Defense Attorney, I've worked out deals that have encompassed everyone of these outcomes. 

Below are a list of the sentences one may receive in a Minnesota courtroom - with the best outcome (save for an outright dismissal) listed at the top with the "less" better results following behind.    

• Continuance for Dismissal/Continuance without Prosecution (CFD/CWOP): Here, the government sets aside your case for a set amount of time, and they then will dismiss the case after that period of time if you fulfill all of their conditions.
• Stay of Adjudication: The individual offers a guilty plea to the court, but the court does not accept it.  There is then a probationary period set with certain conditions.  If the terms of the probationary period are met, the case is dismissed at the end of that period.
• Stay of Imposition: The charged individual offers a guilty plea to the court which the court accepts, but does not impose the full sentence.  There is a probationary period set with certain conditions, and at the end of the probationary period (if all conditions are fulfilled) the conviction may be reduced (e.g. from a felony to a misdemeanor) or it may be vacated and dismissed.
• Stay of Execution of Sentence:  An individual offers a guilty plea which the court accepts.  He/she is then placed on probation, with certain (or all) terms of the sentence are stayed - not given.  For example, someone who is sentence to 30 days in jail “stayed” would not have to go to jail if they successfully fulfill the terms of their probation.
• Execution of Sentence:  Here, the accused offers a guilty plea which the court accepts, and the sentence is imposed without any terms/conditions stayed.  For example, someone who is sentenced to 90 days of jail “executed” would actually have to serve that jail time.

What Can You Do?

My approach to handling my client's cases is to be persistent and to diligently work toward getting them the outcome they desire - ie., getting their case dismissed if at all possible. To do that, I explore all options; I gather all necessary information regarding their arrest and the investigation by law enforcement agencies; and I consider the circumstances of the charges in their case, as well as any previous criminal history. Then, and only then, do I move forward with the options for dismissal available in your criminal case.

Since dismissals can occur anytime after the arrest (and often they happen later rather than sooner,) I never lose sight of that option throughout the proceedings. In that time, I'll work to negotiate throughout your case with the goal of getting the charges against you discharged.

If you (or someone you love) thinks that they need a lawyer, you probably need a lawyer. Call the Rolloff Law Office today at (612) 234-1165 and schedule a no-cost, no obligation consultation.